Tritium Beta-Radiation Induction of Chromosomal Damage: A Calibration Curve for Low-Dose, Low-Dose-Rate Exposures of Human Cells to Tritiated Water

Abstract

Radiation exposures from tritium contribute to the occupational radiation exposures associated with CANDU reactors. Tritiated water is of particular interest since it is readily taken up by human cells and its elimination from the body, and, consequently, the radiation exposure of the cells, is spread over a period of days. Occupational exposures to tritiated water result in what are effectively chronic P-radiation exposures. The doses and dose rates ordinarily used in the definition of cellular responses to radiation in vitro, for use in biological dosimetry (the assessment of radiation exposures based on the observed levels of changes in the cells of exposed individuals), are usually much higher than for most occupational exposures and involve radiations other than tritium P-rays. As a result, their use in assessing the effects from tritiated water exposures may not be appropriate. We describe here an in vitro calibration curve for chronic tritium P-radiation induction of reciprocal chromosomal translocations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) for use in biodosimetry.